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Year :2021
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Month :
July
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Volume :
9
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Issue :
3
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Page :
PO21 - PO28
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Prevalence of Birth Defects and Associated Risk Factors among Neonates in Tertiary Care Hospital, Shivamogga, Karnataka
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Correspondence Address :
P Vijayalakshmi, B Chandrashekar, NP Navya, GM Manoj,
Dr P Vijayalakshmi,
Department of Paediatrics, Shimoga Institute of Medical Sciences, Sagar Road,
Shivamogga, Karnataka, India.
E-mail: vijayalakshmipaladugula@gmail.com
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Introduction: Birth Defects (BD) account for a significant proportion of neonatal mortality. BD can result in long-term disability with a significant impact on individuals, families,societies and healthcare systems.
Aim: To estimate prevalence, types, clinical profile and perinatal profile of BD among neonates.
Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU),Department of Paediatrics, from November 2018 to May 2019.A total of 71 cases were admitted to NICU with total 95 BD.All the demographic details, natal, antenatal, prenatal clinical data and family histories were collected with the help of a predesigned proforma, entered in Excel sheet and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software; version 25.0. The p-value was calculated using Chi-square test and p-value < 0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Total number of neonates with BD was 71 (4.16% of total NICU admissions, 1.18% of total live births i.e.,6033). Neonates with single BD were 53 (74.65%) and multiple BDs were 18 (25.35%). Mean age was 3.89±5.29 days. Out of the 71 neonates, 37 (52.11%) were males while 28 (39.44%) were females, and the rest 6 (8.45%) had ambiguous genitalia. Prevalence of BD was more in Low Birth Weight (LBW) (6.27%, 34/542 cases) than normal birth weight babies (3.33%, 36/1080 babies). Prevalence of BD was highest in mothers of 26-30 years age group (28/433, 6.46%). The predominant system involved was cardiovascular system (29/95 BDs, 30.53%). The most common major BD was Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)(13/95 BDs, 13.68%). The predominant type of BD found was malformation (83/95 BDs, 87.37%). Case fatality rate of BDs was 30.99% (22/71). Neonatal mortality rate of BDs was 0.35 per 1000 live births.
Conclusion: Prevalence of birth defects was 1.18% of the total live births. Cardiovascular system was the most common system involved, VSD being the most common defect. BDs were significantly associated with late twenties parity, LBW and pre-existing medical diseases in mothers. Single and major BDs were more common than their counterparts.
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